High Turnover Rate Of Expatriate Managers Management Essay

High Turnover Rate Of Expatriate Managers Management Essay The West Indies Yacht Club Resort (WIYCR), headquartered in Chicago, is located on the British Virgin Islands (BVI). BVI is part of the Virgin Islands archipelago with the population of approximately twenty thousand. The majority of the population (83%) is of African descent, with the remainder being of Amerindian, East Indian, and Middle Eastern descent, or white expatriates. Although it has been operating successfully, the West Indies Yacht Club Resort has some alarming problems that have recently become apparent and have seriously affected the operational and organizational aspects of the resort. The main concerns of the organization can be summarized as follows High turnover rate of expatriate managers; Low motivation of the local employees; Rising tension between expatriates and local staff; Rising number of guest complaints; The purpose of this report is to identify the causes of the problems highlighted above as well as provide the most suitable and feasible solutions to improve the current situation in WIYCR. For the purpose of the study critical review of the academic research has been conducted to define the two colliding cultures and to understand the needs of the local staff as well as help US managers to employ the most effective management style. In addition to that, thorough onsite investigation, observations and set of interviews have been conducted, findings of which have been outlined in the below report. Research When it comes to business, it is crucial for a multinational organisation to be able to successfully deal with cross-cultural differences, turning them into strengths, not weaknesses. The existence of expatriate managers is quite common in multinational companies. It is also believed their managerial skills are directly linked to the success of the business and also to the success of cultural adaptation of the organization. According to Schneider and Barsoux cultural adjustment should create opportunities for an organization rather than a threat, and it helps leaders develop intellectually, emotionally and ethically. The qualities that make a good expatriate manager have been often discussed. As per The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development the key competencies that they feel a good expatriate manager should exhibit include Technical competence, previous achievements in home country, language skills, motivation, stress resistance, independence, and goal orientated personality and good communication skills. They also believe that a manager thriving in one culture is not inevitably going to be successful in another. Moreover, it is vital for a multicultural organization to employ good leaders. However, the leadership styles differ greatly among cultures. Mendenhall et al (1995) claim that in order for an expatriate manager to effectively motivate and lead people from different cultural background they must try to fit in with the social norms of that culture, while also standing out as a leader. In order to identify and understand the main differences between the US and BVI and be able to provide guidance on how to effectively manage people for both cultures, the following two diagnostic models have been reviewed: Hofstede s Model of National Culture; 7d Cultural Dimension Model. In general, people in BVI are more relaxed that in the US and they value quality time with friends and family. They also have very strong power distance which means that people are required to obey and show extreme respect for people based on organizational hierarchy. According to the Hofstede the management style in such societies is mostly authoritarian and vigorous due to the fact that many employees tend to avoid work. The fact that the local staff is paid on the hourly basis and gets a pay raise each year without a proper performance review, gives further incentive to work less. In addition to that, the Caribbean people also experience the lack of proper education, resulting in very high uncertainty avoidance. They also find it difficult to cope with uncertain situations and try to stay away from any conflict that might lead to having to make independent decisions. By contrast, the American culture manifests low uncertainty avoidance. It has been proven that effective leadership systems in countries with high uncertainty avoidance tend to involve providing employees with very clear instructions. Therefore, if they do not have defined objectives for a day, employees choose to avoid work to minimize the stress of uncertainty. According to Hofstede the link between individual and society also plays a significant role in defining a particular culture. There are two main streams individualism and collectivism. As far as the Caribbean culture is concerned, it shows much more tendency towards collectivism as people are viewed mainly in terms of the group they belong to. Unlike in the US, the individualism is very low in BVI, resulting in people not interested in personal achievements and career progression, and they favour work in groups. In those cultures time spent with family and friends is highly cherished and cannot be compensated by financial benefits. The American approach is quite the opposite. According to Hofstedes theory, cultures also differ in terms of expectations as regards to the role of men and women in a society. Therefore high masculinity cultures clearly define the gender roles men are usually more self-confident and dominant and they are more career-oriented. In the case of the Caribbean culture, the gender roles are not clearly divided, in fact there is a high equality among men and women and their performance. Additionally, in order to understand a particular culture, one should also consider whether people have a long term or short orientation. For example, in the US people are more short term oriented which means they expect immediate results and paybacks. By contrast, the Caribbean culture shows greater tendency towards long term orientation, where people are not anxious to see immediate results, compensations or promotions but put emphasis on the role of security and social obligations. In order to analyze those two cultures even deeper and explain how people relate to each other, the 7d Cultural Dimension Model has been employed. First of all, in terms of universalism versus particularism approach, the US is believed to favour universalism, where the most effective management style is based on set of rules and commonly accepted moral principles. On the other hand, the Caribbean people treat each interaction in a different way and pass the subsequent judgments. They are also very affective, which results in expressing their emotions freely whereas in the US people are expected to be conservative in that respect. In addition to that, the Caribbean people believe that they have to establish a personal relationship with the prospect business partner before entering into any business relations. With regards to WIYCR, the local employees say that We have so many managers from US and they dont stay here very long. Many of them think they can just come here and well instan tly be their friends. Since it takes time to build personal relations, there should be a commitment from both sides. Lastly, it is crucial to distinguish between the internal and external control. In the US people believe that they are in charge of their own lives, whereas the Caribbeans put more trust in Gods fate. Those differences have a great impact on the attitudes people show towards different values and norms. For instance, Americans believe they can achieve anything they like if they put enough effort into it. Therefore, the American culture emphasizes and supports personal achievement and continuous improvement. By contrast, Caribbean people believe that their fate has been predetermined. Therefore, they do not try to change something in their lives or put more effort intro achieving something. Findings and analysis To start with, it should be noted that the local government regulations in relation to the labour market in BVI has had a great impact on the overall structure and performance of WIYCR. The government restrictions considerably differ from those the US expatriate managers are familiar with. Generally speaking, in the US the job is given to the best possible candidate, while in BVI it is offered to the most enthusiastic candidate. The local work permit limitations result in trained and qualified managers from the US not being able to find employment in BVI. Another obvious difference between those two labour markets is the process in which employees can be laid off. As tourism is one of the few sustainable industries on the island, employees are granted job security despite their qualifications and willingness to work. By contrast, the number of jobs available in the American hospitality industry is rather limited. The employment opportunities in BVI are almost unlimited in that respec t, which means the local staff can freely leave or change a post if they wish. Unlike in the BVI, the US have extensive hospitality management educational programs and relevant work placement schemes. Therefore, the locals do not have the opportunity to gain the necessary education in the hospitality field resulting in their lack of enthusiasm in relation to taking on management positions. As far as the management team of WIYCR is concerned, the main company departments are located miles away from the actual resort, and all strategic decisional are made offshore. As the top mangers pay visits to the resort only few times a year, and never during peak season, they cannot fully understand the culture diversity and employee needs, let alone the issues which can directly impact the overall operation of the resort. This gap has already resulted in various communication issues. In one particular instance, the Chicago office had over-booked the resort by nearly 20% despite the opposition from the Rooms Division Managers. Therefore, during the peak season the number of guests was much higher than the physical capacity of the resort, affecting the service and staff morale. In the light of the previously identified problems, the study have been concluded with the following findings: Turnover in expatriate management This problem is partly due to the lack of essential international experience, cross cultural communication and sensitivity training on the expatriates side. Additionally, the strict local government regulations create challenges for the management to effectively run the resort. Since the understanding of local culture is limited among the expatriate managers, the management styles they employ are often ineffective. For instance, the behind-the-scene approach so popular in the US is much less effective in managing the Caribbean staff that showing support and participation. As a result of the cultural gap and lack of apparent results, the expatriate managers often feel discouraged since they cannot motivate the local staff to work effectively. Thus, the expatriates often loose their enthusiasm to work in the resort within a short period of time. Lack of motivation in local employees This issue is related to the over-protection from the government labour policy guaranteeing the jobs and salary for the local staff. Moreover, BVI locals are nourishing-oriented they cherish friendships between co-workers and family life. Thus, solely financial reward system is not effective at all. Instead, according to Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory and The Four Drive Theory belongingness should be developed as well as drive to bond in order to boost their working spirit. It is also crucial for the locals to create personal relationships with their colleagues and direct supervisors, which is combined into their working relationship. Therefore, behind the scene managers do not encourage loyalty or respect from the local employees. Finally, locals know that they are paid on hourly basis and will get a raise each year without a review and regardless of their job performance. Tension between expatriates and local workers This is caused by the cultural difference. In the case of WIYCR, the expatriates are goal-oriented, they emphasize individualism, adopt easily to low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance and competitive environment whereas the local staff put emphasis on collectivism, adapting to high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance and nourishment orientation. The difference leads to misunderstandings on both sides creating unnecessary conflicts and tensions. Additionally, as mentioned previously, the labour laws of BVI increase job protection for locals, posing significant challenges to operations of the resort that suffers from insufficient capacity during peak season and overstaffing during the rest of the year. As it has been already proven the ideal management styles of US and BVI are significantly different. The former prefer laissez-fair or behind the scenes style while the latter prefer a hands-on and more instructive style. Since there are merely a few hands-on managers in WIYCR who strive hard to integrate into the local culture and gain respect, the frequent misunderstandings and lack of cooperation lead to unnecessary tensions in the resort. Moreover, unclear job descriptions and expectations also contribute to the increased tensions. Having lower education levels, the locals require clear and detailed role descriptions while the US expatriates consider brief guidelines sufficient in order to get the job done. Increase in guest complaints This issue is directly related to the above mentioned problems. Internal weaknesses combined with ineffective operating of the resort (e.g. insufficient staff in peak seasons, overbooking) result in the diminished level of service provided to the guests. The low motivation of local employees and the fact that there are currently less reluctant to take on more responsibilities affects the level of the customer service the guests expect. Solutions Based on the above findings it is believed that the optimal solution in the case of WIYCR is to change the organizational mindset to create more globally conscious management that will be able to benefit from the cultural diversity of the organization. The obvious advantage of this alternative is the fact it will promote cultural harmony, leading to increased work efficiency. Be changing the corporate culture to embrace diversity, the company will utilize the strengths of both cultures which in return allows the resort to retain the leading position in the market. As far as the downsides are concerned, the existing team may initially resist change resulting in cultural differences being even more challenging to harmonize. In the short term however, as the Christmas season is about to begin, the company should focus on trust building and improving team working. In the long run, attention should be placed on improving the communication and relationship between the resort and the headquarters in order to increase the overall efficiency of the organization. The first step is to improve the current situation in WIYCR is to have an authority figure present in the resort at all times in order to motivate employees. By having an evident, participating leader people will be motivated to work harder and focus on achieving the companys goals as well as seeking assistance with solving any problems that may occur. Secondly, managers should assign daily tasks and set goals for their employees as collectivists are not willing to set their own targets. This form of leadership is believed to be effective way of managing the local staff due to the high power distance of their culture. It is highly recommended that the implementation of this plan begin immediately since it is a vital part of the overall cultural adaptation process. The second area of development is to improve internal communication, gradually building trust between managers and local staff. In order to do that, the existing managers should undergo cultural training, so they become aware of the cultural differences they deal with be able do handle the situation more effectively. Cross-cultural training will significantly improve the communication between locals and expatriates. It is believed that it could be of a great benefit to the organization if the staff and management team attend both formal meetings to discuss progress and improvements and informal gatherings to improve relationships. The main reason behind it is that the local employees will hopefully increase their involvement and work efficiency as they are highly motivated by social activities. It has also become apparent that the communication between the resort and headquarters needs to be improved to prevent further tensions and deterioration of the customer service. The situation in this case can be improved by having frequent performance reports, as well as resort peak period bookings reviewed by the onsite managers. Additionally, quarterly meetings should be organized as well as visits from the top management to oversee the operation and become actively involved in the resorts day-to-day activities. In the long run, part of the booking duties could be delegated from the headquarters to the resort to improve efficiency and staff involvement. It is also recommended that the above solutions are considered as an on-going process starting with increased interactions among the employees, managers and head office. The third area of improvement related to building team working skills. It is vital for the business to have motivated and enthusiastic employees that work efficiently towards the common goal s of the organization. Since there is a high illiteracy rate among the local staff, precise instructions and demonstration are recommended. Moreover, in order to improve efficiency among the local staff, re-training using a hands-on approach should be considered. Additionally, future recruitment practices with regards to the local employees should be linked to the relevant skill set and attitude of the right candidate. Moreover, the selection of expatriates for managing positions should be based on previous cross-cultural experience and the relevant characteristics. Finally, job rotation should be taken into consideration to further encourage employees to interact with each other and increase job satisfaction and motivation. The fourth area of development relates to the implementation of effective performance measures. Both financial incentives as well as added collective rewards based on group performance should be considered. There should be frequent performance reviews held during group meetings, emphasizing win-win approach among management, employees and customers. The purpose of this approach is to satisfy needs of both cultures that help inspire employees to work efficiently increasing the organizations performance. These changes will involve continuous adjustment and improvements. Short term recommendations Organize an informal gathering prior to the peak season to boost employee morale Liaison with the local bar, popular with both the expatriates and local employees, should be considered and every opportunity such as birthday or festival parties should not be missed. It is also recommended that the resort provide food and drink incentives for employees. This action can help to build up friendship and team spirit between the expatriates and the local people. It will also create an excellent opportunity for both sides to discuss different opinions, express ones beliefs and subsequently reduce the tension between them. Additionally, it will help the expatriate managers to adapt to the local environment better in order to achieve their best management styles and satisfy their drive to acquire in order to have a lower turnover rate. Such informal gatherings are believed to be the first step to overcome cultural barriers and reduce tension between the parties. Informal parties should also provide a perfect opportunity for relationships to be established, and friendships and bonds to be made. It is also highly recommended that the local employees are encouraged to bring their family and friends, which is seen as a crucial part of their culture. In that way both the local employees and expatriate managers will have a brief, but better understanding for each others culture, which may result in mutual respect at least for the forthcoming holiday peak season.. Creating informational leaflets Those leaflets should be distributed among guests upon arrival, in which local culture is explained and embraced. This will help to change customer perceptions and persuade guests to relax and enjoy the slightly slower pace of islands time. This is a short term solution that can be altered into a longer term marketing campaign. Formal meetings (Instruction days) The main aim of these meetings should be to identify difficulties that both sides encounter on a day to day basis in the resort. It is recommended that the meetings are held regularly focusing on giving clear instructions to reduce uncertainties by providing clear indications in terms of work requirements, goals, future plans. In addition to that, demonstrations can be done by managers to increase their awareness of the daily tasks involved in running of the resort. It will also give the managerial team the opportunity to get to know the work of their subordinates and show their willingness to cooperate. Moreover, the local staff should be encouraged to ask questions, which in return help to provide cleared indication for future plans to be implemented and should guarantee higher motivation from the local community. Training programs For locals, the training workshops should focus on three areas: foreign culture, language and hospitality. Those initiatives should help the local people to understand the other culture and break the language barrier, as well as provide guidance on how to treat the customers in appropriate ways, thus helping to reduce the guest complaints. For expatriates, the training workshops should emphasize both BVI culture and management skills. They should be able to explore and appreciate the local culture, and communicate with the local staff in an effective ways by adapting their management styles to the local requirements. Long term recommendations Establish a WIYCR management training program This program should provide an opportunity for enthusiastic locals to receive the necessary training and education in order to be able to understand the industry and operational aspects of the resort. It will help to find a balance between local and expatriate management and staff. Additionally, this should promote motivation and involvement among local people and increase their willingness to take on extra responsibilities. Request frequent visits from the offsite top management team It is recommended that during these visits both the employees and managers should be encouraged to have an open dialogue in efforts to improve communication. Establish a social interaction committee The purpose of this should be to create more informal interactions between the local employees and the expatriate managers. This is especially recommended during off-peak season. This will not only improve internal communication, but also provide conditions for cultural understanding. In addition, non-financial incentives such as providing free food and drinks if customer complaints go down 10% in a particular week. Conclusion To sum up, all problems rooted from the large cultural gap. The remedial measures listed above aim at facilitating mutual communication and thus establishing better understanding and trust to deal with the cultural clash. Managers and local staff are important assets which help to run the resort smoothly. Any disputes and conflicts make unnecessary loss to the resort. Therefore, creating harmonious environment is essential before coming to various solutions.

Personal Protective Equipment and Good Personal Hygiene

Unit ICO1 The principles of infection prevention and control Outcome 1 Understand roles and responsibilities in the prevention and control of infections The learner can: 1. explain employees’ roles and responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control of infection 2. explain employers’ responsibilities in relation to the prevention and control infection. Outcome 2 Understand legislation and policies relating to prevention and control of infections The learner can: 1. utline current legislation and regulatory body standards which are relevant to the prevention and control of infection 2. describe local and organisational policies relevant to the prevention and control of infection. Outcome 3 Understand systems and procedures relating to the prevention and control of infections The learner can: 1. describe procedures and systems relevant to the prevention and control of infection 2. explain the potential impact of an outbreak of infection on the individual and th e organisation.Outcome 4 Understand the importance of risk assessment in relation to the prevention and control of infections The learner can: 1. define the term risk 2. outline potential risks of infection within the workplace 3. describe the process of carrying out a risk assessment 4. explain the importance of carrying out a risk assessment. Outcome 5 Understand the importance of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the prevention and control of infections The learner can: 4. tate current relevant regulations and legislation relating to PPE 5. describe employees’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE 6. describe employers’ responsibilities regarding the use of PPE 7. describe the correct practice in the application and removal of PPE 8. describe the correct procedure for disposal of used PPE. Outcome 6 Understand the importance of good personal hygiene in the prevention and control of infections The learner can: 1. describe the key principles of good per sonal hygiene

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Research Paper Essay Service

Unbiased Report Exposes the Unanswered Questions on Research Paper Essay Service The One Thing to Do for Research Paper Essay Service If you're interested in your topic, learning about it is going to be more pleasurable and you'll write with increased passion, so select your topic thoughtfully. If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. Technology is potentially the most famed topic to chat about today. You'll quickly discover that a small discussion can go a ways. To make a very long story short, there's an amazing selection of topics that may be considered in a police essay, but choosing one you always need to keep in mind your audience. When you own a list before your eyes, it is going to be a lot easier to compose your mind and get started considering a specific matter. There is admittedly that veganism is quite a controversial and talked about lifestyle. The Key to Successful Research Paper Essay Service Research papers are trying, but in addit ion they have the capacity to be somewhat rewarding. So, you've realized that you're prepared to compose your research paper. You are needed to write a minumum of one research paper in a semester for nearly all the subjects. The more you fully grasp the simpler it's for you to compose a thriving research paper. Writing a research paper even though may appear challenging is a considerable portion of normal student life. Writing a synopsis may sound simple, but it's in fact the opposite. Everybody knows that writing is hard. Content wise, developing a synopsis for a movie differs for a thesis. The Research Paper Essay Service Chronicles If you don't need to compose a customized essay all on your own and choose different services, then you might experience negative outcomes. For instance, our research paper writing service has a mixture of ex-professors, published authors. To the contrary, it is similar to getting external support. Getting Started The very first step towards writing a high quality research paper is to organize what's to be written. For this reason, you essay to find assistance from subject matter experts or those who have fathom-deep understanding of the topic issue. Together with a complete expert attitude our experts also place particular emphasis on the customer's expectations too. Additionally, there are studies that support the simple fact that television may boost intellectual improvement. Also our dedicated team makes suggestions on the present issues and new topics to enhance the caliber of writings. Double check when you have followed all the guidelines to the letter. Service did everything in line with the terms of our agreement. The Birth of Research Paper Essay Service The essay writing needs to be completed in a well-planned and structured method. In such cases, it's far better to use online writing services, but be cautious because not all essay writing organizations are real. Our writers are highly competent so you may place your order for any sort of custom essay with no hesitation. Th e expert thesis writers at BestDissertation are here to assist. Police essay sample is imperative to compose a successful paper. It is extremely easy to come across such a topic and also write this kind of essay as long as you stick to a few essential rules. You may order essay on the internet that will be completed. There are a number of scam writing companies out there. Essay Roo is an expert on-line agency which serves Aussie students in. Police essay is a sort of papers which are rather frequently submitted by students. Essay writing services are getting increasingly more popular among students for a lot of reasons. What to Expect From Research Paper Essay Service? Fortunately, you've already found one! Writing College research papers College courses demand several different kinds of writing that employ various strategies for various audiences. One of the principal attractions for using the vertical files isn't knowing what treasures you'll discover. Want to Know More About Research Paper Essay Service? Today, a whole lot of onlin e services are readily available to the. Specialised customized essay writing service stipulates an assortment of options to satisfy your. If you're confused with a number of interesting topics to research online, it's much better to determine what interests you the most. You may always purchase a research paper online that'll be of outstanding quality and creative content!

Alexander Hamilton Sought The American Dream - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 513 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/06/27 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander Hamilton Essay American Dream Essay Did you like this example? Alexander Hamilton sought the American dream. He was an orphan who longed for more for himself. His amazing ability to write built him up and broke him down in his life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alexander Hamilton Sought The American Dream" essay for you Create order He wanted to leave behind a legacy, something bigger than himself, and he certainly did. As the first Secretary of the Treasury he helped to build up this countrys wealth. Before becoming Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton fought for the countrys freedom. As one of our countrys Founding Fathers, Hamilton had a huge impact on the growth of the United States of America. Hamiltons father walked out on him, his brother, and his mother. His mother died soon after his father left. Their cousin became their guardian. A year after taking in Alexander and his brother he committed suicide. Hamilton started working for Thomas Stevens, who was rumored to be Hamiltons real father. Hamiltons brother, James, became a carpenters apprentice, the two separated and never saw each other again. Hamilton then started working for an import-export firm owned by Nicholas Cruger. Cruger taught Hamilton about finance. After work Hamilton would read, learning about literature, history, and science. He would also publish poems in the local paper. Cruger sent Hamilton to America to get the education he deserved. Hamilton applied to the College of New Jersey, which is now Princeton University, where he wanted an accelerated course study. They wouldnt accept him has a special student so in 1773 Hamilton enrolled at Kings College where he was able to accelerate. He took on a heavy coursework in math, medicine, and law. His pursuit of politics started while attending college. He began attending Whig meetings and publishing pamphlets in support of the colonists. On December 15, 1774 he published his first pamphlet A Full Vindication of the Measures of the Congress. He wrote this in response to A.W. Farmer who wrote against the people in Philadelphia speaking out against Britain. He followed up with his second pamphlet A Farmer Refuted on February 23, 1775. Hamilton would not have been able to rise the way he did if he hadnt had an amazing way with words. He could write his way into anything, but he could speak just as well. He was all for the revolution, but he didnt agree with mob violence. One day a mob of 300 people came to Kings College wanting to lynch the president, Miles Cooper, a known loyalist. Hamilton stood up and gave a speech on how violence outside of the war was more troublesome to their cause than good. He kept the mob busy long enough for Cooper to escape. In 1776 Hamilton took a job as captain of a company of artillery. He left school to give his all to his new job in the war. Kings College closed soon after he left. As captain of an artillery company Hamilton led his company in many battles around New York. In 177 his performance as captain got the attention of General George Washington. Hamilton was hired as lieutenant colonel and aide to Washington. As Washingtons aide Hamilton wrote to Congress, state politicians, and other officers.

Cellular Research Alzheimer s Disease - 1118 Words

Cellular Research - Alzheimer s disease Alzheimer’s is a life-threating disease that affects many elderly. This tragic disease affects parts of the brain, severely damaging and hampering the neurons. However, researcher are continually searching for a cure for this disease. In the toxic disease of Alzheimer’s, neurons are the cells that are affected. The neurons connect together in one’s brain to form the â€Å"neuron forest.† These neurons send electrical signals that are sent throughout the brain and impact thoughts, feelings, and memories. The neurons are the way the body communicates with different parts of itself. Neurons can simply be labeled the â€Å"body’s communication system.† Neurons are composed of dendrites and axons. The dendrites are the â€Å"receiver† of information and axons are the â€Å"sender† of information, from the neuron. Neurons main role are to send electrical signals through the body, and help the body communicate with the different parts of itself. Thus, these help the nerve cells carry out their function. The cells connect with each other through a very tiny gap, the synapse. Neurotransmitters are transferred across this gap. The neurons are the foundation of the brain, communicating through electrical impulses. With Alzheimer’s, the brain gets damaged, resulting in a shrinking brain. Alzheimer’s harms the way neurons work, and the way electrical charges travel throughout the â€Å"neuron forest.† Additionally, nerve cells die, dramatically harming an individual.Show MoreRelatedCloning Process : Buccal Swabs Or Whole Blood Samples ( 2-5ml )1223 Words   |  5 PagesCloning Process Buccal swabs or whole blood samples (2-5ml) will be taken from a patient with Alzheimer’s disease. This will be transported to the lab immediately for RNA extraction. The ChargeSwitch gDNA/RNA technologies Purification Kits protocol will be used for the DNA extraction. A reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) procedure will be carried out using the designed primers for cDNA. The cDNA is obtained from the mRNA and not the genomic DNA. Derived cDNA will not be manipulated to obtain stickyRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects On The American Population Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most devastating degenerative diseases affecting the American population. It is one form of dementia. Dementia is a group of conditions characterized by impairment of at least two brain functions, such as memory loss and judgment. Symptoms include forgetfulness, limited social skills, and thinking abilities so impaired that it interferes with daily functioning. Alzheimer has very few treatment options even though it is increasing globally. Recently environmentalRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Alzheimer s Disease1063 Words   |  5 Pageshelp the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, many of these treat the symptoms but not the cause. One specific medication, cholinesterase inhibitors is not fully understood but it is believed to help decrease the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter (About Alzheimer s Disease: Treatment, n.d.). Cholinesterase is both beneficial in it’s aid in treatment and not— this medicine over time causes neurons not to produce as much acetylcholine (About Alzheimer s Disease: Treatment, n.d.). This drug worksRead MoreEssay Characteristics of Non-coding RNA1285 Words   |  6 Pagesnon-coding transcripts as „transcriptional noiseâ€Å" had to be corrected as a significant number of non-coding transcripts showed cell type-specific expression, specific localization in cellular compartments, functional relevance for development and physiology as well as involvement in human diseases, such as cancer (Wilusz et al. 2009; Mercer et al. 2009). Among many classes of ncRNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated and i dentified as important componentsRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Other Memory Disorders1101 Words   |  5 PagesKennedy Cooper Biotechnology 5th period What are scientists using to diagnose Alzheimer s Disease and other memory disorders early and why should they do so when there is still no cure for it?more Alzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. It is also the disease that took my grandfather. Since there is no cure and because of how late he was diagnosed, there was little the doctors could do for him. I personally noticed changes in my grandfatherRead MoreNew Research On Alzheimer s Disease1405 Words   |  6 Pages New Research in Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and eventually the ability to carry out the simplest tasks. To date, it is officially ranked as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States; however, recent estimates indicate that the disorder may actually rank third, just behind heart disease and cancer, as a cause of death for older people. Alzheimer’s, also known as senile dementiaRead MoreA Study On Alzheimer s Disease1136 Words   |  5 Pagesa dangerous, gradual, and deteriorative ailment, dementia, particularly named Alzheimer s disease. This disease develops as an irregular malfunction which ultimately leads to death. Alzheimer’s disease was found by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician. A woman of middle age passed away years after she was diagnosed with psychological decayment and confusion that was accompanied with loss of memory. Dr. Alzheimer realized there was an unus ual arrangement in the nerve cells while observing herRead MoreA Disease That Is Common On Age 60 Or Older1388 Words   |  6 PagesAbst [Alzimer it s a disease that is common on age 60 or older. This disease is named after Dr.Akois Alzheimer, in 1906. He notist some changes in the brain tissue of a woman who have died and had a mental problem. her mental symptoms was loss the memory, language problem, sand some communication behavior. When he was examined her brain he found some abnormal clumps, and tangled bundles of fibers. === Alzheimer is a disease memory and thinking skills. At first, people have hardRead MoreThe Biotechnology And Pharmaceutical Industry Essay953 Words   |  4 Pageswell-honed expertise in biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology techniques ï‚ § Hands-on and supervisory experience in molecular cloning, genome editing, protein expression, cell line generation and characterization, and cell-based assay developments ï‚ § Strong analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as the ability to motivate high-caliber teams of professionals to achieve high levels of productivity CORE COMPETENCIES ï‚ § Molecular and Cellular Biology: Mammalian Cell Culture (Stem Cells, PrimaryRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease And Its Effects On The Lives Of Millions Americans Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesNeurodegenerative diseases continue to affect the lives of millions Americans each year, with incidence and prevalence rates ever increasing. These diseases cause degeneration or death of nerve cells in the brain. These diseases can cause a financial and emotional burden on not only patients themselves, but also family members and care givers as well. Molecular mechanisms that underlie these diseases have remained relatively unclear, despite much research. Understanding the mechanisms of these diseases are facilitated

Han and Roman Attitudes toward Technology Free Essays

From the around second century B. C. E. We will write a custom essay sample on Han and Roman Attitudes toward Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now to the third century C. E. the Han and Roman attitudes toward technology were different in how they took pride in some of their inventions with the Han accepting the role of the craftsmen and their technology they created showed in documents 1-4. However, the Romans did not do as much of this and did not care as much about the technology and how it could be utilized. This was shown in documents 5-8. Both Han China and the Romans did show a similarity in how their technology, even though it was viewed differently, helped to develop their Empires. Throughout these eight documents, everyone one of these had male from the upper class writing the document. I think an additional document that could be useful in answering the question of what the Han and Roman attitudes toward technology were would be a person from the lower class. This document would be useful because that the upper class did not show interest about the technology that a commoner might have used such as hand tools and other common working items. The Han utilized their technology more to the fullest and took pride in what they invented. In Document 1 it shows that technology was not just used as a luxury, but was used a necessary way to help prevent disaster. In this case the Han were trying to prevent flood and had walls canals and pools. There were also people assigned to inspect and repair these technologies to help their people by preventing floods. The Han took pride in ability to keep their people safe from floods and other disasters. Document 2 focuses more on how the government monopolized the making of tools and made them more cheaply and with less quality than the actual workers themselves did. Then the government raised prices on iron and some of the poor had to digress to older technology. Two examples of this is iron became too expensive and wooden plows were now being used instead of iron. Another example is that salt was too expensive and they couldn’t afford to season their food. Huan Guan takes pride in the technology and feels that the government is not utilizing it proper and feels that the technology is going to waste. Document 3 shows pride in their invention of the pestle and the mortar and how it helped to create very useful technology where, â€Å"The efficiency was ncreased ten times† then later on, â€Å"Benefit was increased a hundredfold. † Document four commends the technology and its usefulness directly contrasting with Document three’s point of view. A reason this may be is that it is government-sponsored and the government is trying to make itself look good. The Romans, however, were not as interested and shows little regard with how technology can affect them. Document five shows this where Cicero shows no admiration of craftsmen or any of their inventions. He says, â€Å"All craftsmen spend their time in vulgar occupations. Cicero and the upper class don’t really have interest in craftsmen technology. Document seven suggests craftsmen did something that anybody could have done and does not really respect them. He is implying that if the upper class doesn’t need the technology, it isn’t important. Now, Plutarch, on the other hand, was very satisfied with the technology of the roads and how nice they are in document six. He brags of Mile Markers and how this technology can be used by eve rybody. Frontinus was also very proud of the technology in Rome. He specifically boasted of the aqueducts and said that they were better than the pyramids of Egypt. This opinion may be a little bias though, because he is the water commissioner for the city of Rome. Even though the Hans and Romans had different views on the use of technology, both of these empires benefitted greatly from the technology that was invented in this time. Plutarch was very excited about the roads in document six, and he had very good reason to be. The roads were kept in very good condition that allowed them to travel throughout their entire empire. This was useful for delivering food across the empire in time of famine and also helped them to travel easier and quicker in time of battle. The Han’s technology also helped them to grow as an Empire and keep their people safe as shown in document one. They had walls, canals, and workers specifically designated to prevent floods. What is shown in these documents is that the Han and Romans have different values placed on technology, but also shows how they view the craftsmen and the people that may benefit from the technologies. The Han valued their technology more and therefore placed more respect on the people who invented, whereas the Romans didn’t not value the technology or the craftsmen nearly as much. How to cite Han and Roman Attitudes toward Technology, Papers

Why has Stress Emerged as a Major Issue for Organizations

Question: Discuss why has stress emerged as a major issue for organizations? Answer: Introduction: Stress refers to the unwanted pressure in daily life of a service holder. It is becoming a common issue which leads to several diseases in human life. Stress is well recognized to everyone and is aware regarding the various negative impact of stress in everydays life. Thus, stress refers to the complex phenomenon which led the life to suffer miserable at a point of time. Although various strategies are implemented within the organization in order to reduce the stress and helps the employees to get motivated within the workplace. The stress management helps the company to increase the rate of profitability and also helps the employee to gain satisfaction towards the work pressure in the business (Lewis et al. 2012). The stress may sometimes also lead the employee to suffer from depression and thus lowers the sales rate of the employee as well. The stress also affects the potentiality of the employee which affects the quality of the performance and thus led the business to suffer a set back in terms of productivity in the market. In the competitive business scenario many companies specially the ITs suffer from stress related issues which occur due to long working hours and maximum pressure of completion of task within short span of time. iiNet Ltd also suffer from various stress related issues which led the employee to decrease the quality of productivity within the workplace (Grawitch et al. 2012). The stress within the workplace also leads the company to suffer from low quality of productivity and profitability in the market. The Stress management thus might help the company to improve the potential of the employees and thus help the business to increase the profit sales within the workplace as a whole. Stress: Stress is regarded as the common phenomenon within the workplace which lowers the rate of potentiality of the employee as a whole. The stress also leads the employee of iiNet Ltd to suffer from various diseases as well which affect the satisfaction level of the employee towards the organization (Quick et al. 2012). Work related stress is considered to be usual problem towards the modern life style which affects the skills of the individual as well within the workplace. The consequences of stress also led the employee to loss the self-confidence which further led the business to lose the quality of productivity within the business. The several stress factors also led the employees to lowers the loyalty towards the business which led the corporate to increase the attrition rate of the employee within the workplace (Matteson and Ivancevich 2012). The stress factors also get influenced though several external factors which affect the workplace and led the employee to suffer from depressi on as well. The nature of the stress is also divided into two factors which like physical symptoms and behavioral symptoms. The physical symptoms lead the employee to suffer from headache, tiredness, nausea, muscle tension and changing sleeping hours. Thus, it affects the health of the individual. The behavioral symptoms also lead the individual to suffer from anxiety, inability in decision making, aggression, losing concentration and isolation which further affects the health and mental condition of the employee and thus lead the business to suffer quality of productivity within the corporate as well. The various symptoms of stress thus lead the employee to suffer from challenges and also lead the employee to suffer illness and health issue in the long-run (Sawatzky et al. 2012). The employee with stress factors also lowers the potentiality of the work and gets less motivated within the workplace as a whole. Various businesses corporate like iiNet Ltd thus implements effective stress management strategy that helps the company to identify the issues of the employee and help the employee to overcome challenges as well. The effective strategy also helps the business to increase the rate of potentiality of the employee which further helps the company to gain productivity as a whole. The stress management also helps the employee to increase the confidence level of the individual which further add the value of the company in the international market (Houghton et al. 2012). Factors contributing to its increasing prominence: The stress factor is influenced through several external factors which led the company to suffer from health issues. In todays modern world the company is suffering from stress to a large extent (Gerber et al. 2012). Stress is a common term which is faced and used by every individual within the workplace and thus stands as a challenging constraint for the employee to sustain in the business. Stress actually refers towards the perception of the employee towards the work environment. Stress refers to the various characteristics of an individual within the workplace which can be classified as Loudness, Length, Pitch and Accent. The loudness of the stress factor leads the employee to suffer a health issue and thus further led the employee to suffer a muscle tension (Powell and Enright 2012). This also lowers the rate of potentiality of the employee within the workplace and thus led the business to face challenges in the competitive market as well. iiNet Ltd suffers from stress in terms of loudness which means the sound that refers or can be considered to produce a stress energy within the workplace. The loudness refers to the negative impact towards the employee which led the employee towards stress (Taylor 2012). The Length of the stress deals with the affect of the various stress factors that led the individual to suffer a mental illness within the workplace as a whole. The length thus refers to the production of the stressful sound which leads the employee to suffer from stress and thus led towards the depression status of the employee within the workplace as well (Sherman et al. 2012). The pitch refers to the rate of vibration of the stress factor that leads the employee to suffer a stress issue and lowers the rate of productivity of the employee within the business as a whole (Bratton and Gold 2012). The pitch within the workplace also refers to the vibration of the vocal sound that considers being stressful towards the employees as a whole. The pitch thus refers to stressful sound of the workplace that is referred to the employees within the business as a whole. The accent is used at times at the place of stress which has its limitations towards the prominences in the market. Thus, it leads the employee towards mental illness and leads the corporate towards employee turnover as a whole within the workplace. The accent also can be classified to two different types of stress. The Word- stress that refers to the implication of a word that refers to be stressful towards the employees and the Sentence Stress that also considered being stressful sentence within the workplace towards the employees as a whole. Challenges for people management: The business need to face several challenges regarding managing people within the workplace. The business thus implements effective strategy towards managing people and thus helps in the development of the business as a whole. The corporate need to face various challenges in order to manage people which include: Short time span The management fails to manage people within short span of time and thus consequently fails towards responsibilities and management task. The management thus needs to implement effective strategy to manage the people within the workplace. Handling negative feedback The business thus need to manage the negative feedback of the employee as well which helps the business to identify the issues and rectify accordingly (Jackson et al. 2012). This also helps the business to improve the potentiality and helps in development of the corporate as well. Resolving interpersonal conflict The business need to resolve the interpersonal conflict within the workplace in order to manage large no. of people within the business. The interpersonal conflict also may sometimes lead to disputes which need to be resolved for further development. Employees with negative attitude The management need to implement effective strategy which helps in managing negative attitude people within the workplace. This also helps the business to maintain positive work culture within the company and helps in the advancement of the business (Belbin 2012). Maintaining cordial relations with the employees The effective management helps to develop cordial relation with the employees in order to avoid any dispute within the workplace and thus help in the development of the positive work culture. This also helps in motivating more loyal employees towards the business and helps in meeting the needs of the employees as well. iiNet Ltd thus with effective implementation of the strategy helps to face the challenges in terms of managing people. This also helps the company to overcome the challenges and thus to retain loyal employees within the workplace within positive impact as a whole. The strategy also helps the business to manage people from remote locations and thus met the need of the employees as well. Stress as a significant issue for organizations: Stress is considered to be a serious issue for the business. Excessive work pressure leads to stress within the workplace and thus the employees suffers from various disease as well. The workforce also led to unnecessary long hours within the workplace. This led to excessive stress towards the employees within the business and thus affects the quality of the production of the employee (Zikmund et al. 2012). The modern and advanced technological world demands to be updated at every second which led to extra pressure for the employee as a whole. The business especially the IT sector thus suffer from stressed employee which provides to the negative impact to the overall work culture within the business as well. Stress in todays modernized world has become a serious issue which also hampers the confidence of the employee and thus potentiality of the employee suffers a stake. iiNet Ltd thus implements effective stress management within the workplace which helps the company to improve the skills of the employees. The stress management also helps in improving the potentiality of the employee which adds value to the business in the market. This also helps the company towards the retention of the loyal employees and thus helps in improvement of the internal structure of the company as a whole. The company suffers from stress also due to several external factors that affect the productivity of the company. The competitors always stand as a constant challenge for the employee to remain updated which also led to constant stress within the corporate as well. The stress within the business also can be considered through performance evaluation of the employee (Daft 2012). The performance of the employee always remains in the constant threat and thus the evaluation led the employee towards the stress within the workplace as a whole. The evaluation also helps the business to identify the issues of the employee and thus help the employee to rectify. This evaluation always stands as a constraint for the employee either to rectify and compete equally or to retain its position in the workplace. Thus, it also led the corporate to suffer from stress culture constantly and leads the employee to retain in the position of constant improvement. Factors contributing to stress for organizations: The stress is affected by the several factors within the business which also affects the productivity of the employee. The stress is thus affected by certain factors which hampers the work culture of the company and also affects the company profitability. The factors may include the constant threat which the employee needs to face daily to get updated in the workplace. The company iiNet Ltd also suffers from stress factors as the employee needs to remain in constant threat from its competitors to remain updated (Hendry and Pettigrew 2012). The challenge of improving constantly stands as a constraint for the employee which affects the quality of productivity. Thus, it leads to stress factor that the employee suffer from within the workplace. The fear also stands as a constant challenge for the employee in order to retain its position in the business. The fear actually led the employee to suffer from imaginary outcome of the employee within the workplace which led to stress. The stress thus leads the business to suffer from stressed employee which further affects the productivity of the business. This led the business to lowers the rate of productivity and thus helps in sustaining stress within the workplace. The uncertainty of the employee also led the employee to lose from prediction which further led to fear or thereat within the workplace (Alvesson and Willmott 2012). This also led the employee to suffer from uncertainty and led to stress within the business as a whole. The uncertainty thus led the workplace to suffer from stress factor and thus led the employee to suffer from stress as a whole. The cognitive dissonance also led the workplace to suffer from stress. The employee suffers from dissonance when the individual fails to meet the commitments within the workplace. This led the employee to suffer from stress as the failure of responsibilities led the employee to suffer and creates a negative impact within the workplace as a whole. Challenges for managers (and organizations) in dealing with stress: The managers of the organizations implement effective strategy, to deal with the stress in the workplace. The managers within the organization need to implement effective stress strategy that helps in identifying issue in the workplace. This also helps in improving the quality of the productivity and thus helps in gaining employee satisfaction as well. The managers also need to maintain cordial relation with the employees which further help the employee to avoid dispute. The managers within the organization also helps the employee through encouraging and motivating more employees within the workplace which further helps in the advancement of the company in the market. The managers also need to improve the quality of the production and thus help the employee to increase sales rate (Snell et al. 2012). The strategy also helps the employee to train themselves from getting relaxed at the time of crisis as well which help them to feel free from imaginary fear or threat. This helps the emp loyee to increase the rate of profitability and also helps in sustainability of the corporate in the market. Thus, the manager implements effective strategy to reduce stress and retain loyal employees. Conclusion: The stress management led the business towards improving the skills of the employees within the workplace. The stress leads the employee to suffer from various disorders which also affect the health of the employee as a whole. The stress also leads the employee towards lowering the rate of productivity within the workplace. The stress factor thus gets influenced through various external factors which led the employee to constant threat and led to stress within the workplace. The stress also affects the profitability of the business as it hampers the quality of the [production of the employee as well. The effective stress management helps the company towards improving the skills and also rewarding employee potential as well. The stress management thus helps the business to provide mental peace to the employee, which further help in encouraging employee. This further helps the business in sustainability and also helps in increasing the sales rate in the competitive market. Reference List: Alvesson, M. and Willmott, H., 2012.Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage, 43(1), pp.54-59 Belbin, R.M., 2012.Management teams. Routledge, 23(1), pp.27-32. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 34(2), pp.48-59. Daft, R., 2012.Organization theory and design. Nelson Education, 12(1). p.54-59 Gerber, P.D., Nel, P.S. and Van Dyk, P.S., 2012.Human resources management. Southern Book Publishers, 12(3), p[p.55-59. Grawitch, M J, Ballard, D W and Erb K R 2015, To Be or Not to Be (Stressed): The Critical Role of a Psychologically Healthy Workplace in Effective Stress Management. Stress and Health, vol. 31, no. 4,. Work Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health Organisations, 2004, Special issue edited by Tom Cox, Work-related stress, risk management and Management Standards 18(2), pp. 264-273. Hendry, C. and Pettigrew, A., 2012 The practice of strategic human resource management.Personnel review,15(5), pp.3-8. Houghton, J.D., Wu, J., Godwin, J.L., Neck, C.P. and Manz, C.C., 2012. Effective Stress Management A Model of Emotional Intelligence, Self-Leadership, and Student Stress Coping.Journal of Management Education,36(2), pp.220-238. Jackson, S., Schuler, R. and Werner, S., 2011.Managing human resources. Cengage Learning, 12(3), pp.78-89 Lewis D, Megicks,P and Jones, P 2016, Bullying and harassment and work-related stressors: Evidence from British small and medium enterprises. International Small Business Journal, 21(2), pp.28-32. Matteson, M.T. and Ivancevich, J.M., 2012.Controlling work stress: Effective human resource and management strategies. Jossey-Bass, 22(2), pp.48-54. Powell, T.J. and Enright, S.J., 2012Anxiety and stress management. Taylor Frances/Routledge, 34(2), pp.342-354. Quick, J.C., Quick, J.D., Nelson, D.L. and Hurrell Jr, J.J.,2012.Preventive stress management in organizations. American Psychological Association, 22(1), pp.38-45. Sawatzky, R.G., Ratner, P.A., Richardson, C.G., Washburn, C., Sudmant, W. and Mirwaldt, P., 2012. Stress and depression in students: the mediating role of stress management self-efficacy.Nursing research,61(1), pp.13-21. Sherman, G.D., Lee, J.J., Cuddy, A.J., Renshon, J., Oveis, C., Gross, J.J. and Lerner, J.S., 2012. Leadership is associated with lower levels of stress.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,109(44), pp.17903-17907. Snell, S., Morris, S. and Bohlander, G., 2015.Managing human resources. Nelson Education, 42(1). pp.26-28. Taylor, D.N., 2012. Effects of a behavioral stress-management program on anxiety, mood, self-esteem, and T-cell count in HIV-positive men.Psychological Reports,76(2), pp.451-457. Zikmund, W., Babin, B., Carr, J. and Griffin, M., 2012.Business research methods. Cengage Learning, 46(1), pp.104-112